Isphaghula

(Plantago spp. P psyllium, P ovoto)

Parts Used: seeds, seed husks

Action: anti-bacterial, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, demulcent, bulking laxative

Popularly sold under a variety of brand names, the black psyllium or flea seeds (P psyllium) and pinkish-brown isphaghula (P ovoto) are among the most popular of prescription and over-the-counter bulking laxatives.

Both seeds and husks are available and both need to be soaked in water (1 teaspoon to a cup of boiling water) to produce a mucilaginous mixture which is then swallowed to encourage peristalsis and lubricate the bowel.
Proprietary capsules are available which are simply swallowed with water so that the seeds swell and become mucilaginous in the stomach instead.
Large amounts of water need to be taken with such capsules to prevent over-absorption of gut fluids by the seeds as they expand.
Alternatively the seeds can be mixed with breakfast cereal or flavoured with fruit juice.

Although primarily used for constipation, the bulky mass of isphaghula can help to soothe diarrhoea and is sometimes recommended in irritable bowel syndrome.

It also creates a feeling of fullness and is promoted as a slimming aid by discouraging overeating.
Externally the seeds can be used in healing poultices for wounds and skin infections.